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Totalitarian systems of the 20th century questioned human freedom. Freedom, almost absolute, was then usurped by dictators manipulating with social structures. Liberal society became an alternative then, and the rights of a individual, realised in open economic space became fundamental. As a result, societies of consumers emerged and they questioned a lot of basic moral rules, in the name of human...
The history is not a simple coincidence of subsequent events, but their logical sequence oriented on a precisely defined goal. Only in this context we can speak about the history as “history of salvation”. This can be shown by picturing the moment of the birth of Christianity, which has been anticipated by a very particular situation and atmosphere in Roman Empire. Christianity turned on to be the...
The article presents a systematic view of the issue of „new life in Christ” from the perspective of dogmatic theology. In the context of Anti-Pelagian resolutions and decisions of the Council of Trent about the predisposing grace, Christological foundation of the idea of new life is indicated (Christ – the new Adam, incarnation as an ontological basis of the mediation of Christ). Then, the idea of...
In the new, post-war circumstances, the Holy See preferred to sign one concordat with the new German state. However, as this turned out impossible, E. Pacelli, the nuncio, arrived at signing a concordat with Bavaria in 1924, and from 1915 led intensive negotiations towards signing one with Prussia. With the important support of the Prussian episcopate and their president, Cardinal A. Bertram, the...
In the sacrament of penance the sinner surrendering to merciful judgement of God anticipates in a certain way the judgment to which he will be surrendered to at the end of earth’s life. Because, just already now, within this life, the human being has got a possibility to choice between life and death, and following only the way of religious conversion one may enter into the kingdom from which the...
Aphrahat, called the Persian Sage, was a Syriac-Christian of the 3-rd / 4-th century from Adiabene region of Persian Empire. He is an author of twenty-three sermons called Demonstrationes (sometimes also Homiliae). Almost half of them are concerned with the religion of Jews. It seems that some Christians in the Persian Church wanted to become Jews or to return to Judaism, or to incorporate Jewish...
For decades scholarly consensus has held that Jesus spoke and taught mostly in the Aramaic language. To evaluate the accuracy of this assumption, one must investigate which languages were really spoken in Roman Palestine during the first century A.D. The first aim of this paper is to prove that the three ancient languages, Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek were commonly spoken in Israel in Jesus’ times. The...
This article examines the concepts of the secure dwelling of Israel in the Book of Ezekiel in four parts: 1. Ezekiel: The prophet of the turning-point of the time. The Book of Ezekiel attempts a complete program of restoration of the Israel in the time of the Exile. Just a prophet Isaiah (Is 33:18) wrote about (tranquil dwellings). This vision was far away for Ezekiel’s time because he lived through...
At present, Głubczyce area covers southern part of Opole Voivodship.It is bordered with the Chech Republic in the south and west. The territory was excluded from Poland for over 900 years, from 1038 to 1945. In the Church terms, up to 1945 the territory belonged to the Chech Olomouc diocese . After the First Prussian War in 1742 it was handed over from the power of the Austrian Habsburgs under control...
The Middle Ages in Silesia is a time of great dispute between the bishop and the prince, church – political and legal disputes, which liberated the church from the power of the prince. One of these disputes was between Bishop Thomas II (the second) and the Duke Henry IV (the fourth) Probus. In these big disputes were involved not only the main representatives of power, but also a lot of people from...
The author presents sources of the anthropology of Fr Aleksander Zienkiewicz. These sources have been divided into the following groups: main personal patterns (his family and people he met during his study period at the Priests Seminary in Pinsk (Belarus today); Holy Scripture, teaching of the Church and great theologians; follow philosophers, psychologists and educators; the next group consists...
This article describes the lay faithful in the ministry of the word of God in the parish. First, the article presents the issue of cooperation between laypeople with the hierarchy in the ministry of the word of God. Next, it discusses the issue of cooperation with laypeople in preaching of the word of God in the parish. The final part of the submitted article deals with the cooperation of laypeople...
Henry was a son of Teodoryk I and Eudoksja, who was a doughter of prince Konrad Mazowiecki. Since his early years he was predestinated to become a priest. In 1264 (27 IV) he appeared as a canon of the cathedral chapter in Magdeburg. Nonetheless, in those years, the decision to enter the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans), which existed for only half a year, has grown on him, and he accomplished this...
Theologians do not make use of the term ‘emanation’, since it has connotations of gnosis and pantheism. Careful analysis that takes into account all necessary and sufficient aspects defining the person allows for a more in-depth reflection, thus broadening the Christian understanding of God. The term ‘emanation’ is a suitable one, adequate and necessary at the first stage of reflection on substance...
The article shows a new trend of research in the American biblical studies concerning canonical Acts, which departs from the traditional assign them Luke, the companion of St. Paul, and moves their rise at the beginning of the second century (100 –150). Shows that arguments for the appeal, to which the consequences of interpretation leads and how it affects the reconstruction of the origins of Christianity...
More than three billion internet users in the world (42 per cent of human population), nearly 26 million users in Poland (67% of the country population), together with nearly 1.5 billion Facebook users in the world and over 13.5 million in Poland (34% of our people) – this is the group of recipients which is a communicative challenge for the Church. In Poland a statistical internet user spends nearly...
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